For years, Yee Lay kept the back door of her ground floor apartment firmly shut to keep out both the stench from the rubbish that other tenants would carelessly throw behind the building and the hordes of rats that fed on it.

Now, standing in the narrow back alley in downtown Yangon, the longtime resident beamed at the scene in front of her. There were colorful wall murals, neatly potted plants, small wooden seats, swings and a bright green and yellow see-saw.

鈥淚t鈥檚 wonderful to see a backstreet looking like this,鈥� sighed Yee Lay, 55.

The alley鈥檚 transformation from a trash-strewn street into a public playground and garden occurred in 2017, spearheaded by Doh Eain, a social enterprise determined to make this booming city more livable.

鈥淵angon has one of the lowest ratios of public spaces in the region or in the world,鈥� Doh Eain founder Emilie Roell said. 鈥淭hat means children have nowhere to play, the elderly have nowhere quiet to sit outside and there are very few places where people can just come and gather.鈥�

For its latest project, last June Doh Eain opened a community playground and park in Yankin, a Yangon suburb, in an abandoned plot of land that was fast becoming another garbage dump.

From Kenya to Colombia, Spain to Singapore, urban planners, businesses and citizens are creating green, open spaces in fast-growing cities to foster community spirit and tackle rising pollution and cramped living spaces.

With more than half the world鈥檚 population living in cities, according to the United Nations, it is crucial for urban areas to be inclusive and sustainable, said Robin King of the Washington-based think tank World Resources Institute.

鈥淚t鈥檚 particularly important for poor people because they don鈥檛 necessarily have the opportunities to pursue private recreation spaces,鈥� said the director of the institute鈥檚 Sustainable Cities program.

Roell shares the same concern, saying privately-owned playgrounds and spaces that charge families to use them are popping up around Yangon.

鈥淪ome of the wealthier children can afford to play there but a lot of the poor children, they need to go miles in order to have a nice playground or they don鈥檛 get to go outside so much,鈥� she said.

A study by local non-profit Another Development found that between 1990 and 2014, the population of Yangon, Myanmar鈥檚 former capital and largest city, nearly doubled to more than 5 million. But the amount of green space per person declined by nearly 40 percent to about 0.40 square meters.

This is much lower than other densely-packed Southeast Asian cities such as Jakarta and Bangkok, both of which have about 7 square meters per person, according to government data and various studies. For Roell, an anthropologist by training, her mission to get more green space into Yangon started as a side project after she moved to the city in 2013 to work for the United Nations.

Helping a friend renovate his apartment in a historical building got her involved in heritage restoration and converting a small alley near her home into a garden led to more projects.

When Roell and a few friends organized some activities with the neighborhood children, 鈥渁 discussion started to emerge about how people should be taking more responsibility over their waste and how they haven鈥檛 got enough public spaces,鈥� she said.

鈥淚t seemed to sort of reawaken a sense of ownership and engagement. And neighborhoods started coming to us.鈥�

By 2017, they had formed Doh Eain (鈥淥ur Home鈥�), an architectural and design practice that now has more than 30 staff and multiple commercial and non-profit projects to turn neglected spots around Yangon into green oases.

Yangon has a hectic downtown full of grand colonial buildings, some of which have been given new life as hotels, bars and restaurants.

But the alleys, many of which lie behind garishly-painted blocks that quickly rose in the 1980s and 1990s amid a construction boom, are often used as rubbish dumps by residents.

They were beyond the reach of city officials too, because under the law, the Yangon City Development Committee is to collect garbage from designated bins and spaces, said Zaw Win Naing, deputy director of Pollution Control & Cleansing Department at YCDC.

However, a 2016 directive tasked his department with a one-off cleaning of these back streets in six townships in downtown Yangon.

This is now completed and YCDC is expanding similar work to other neighborhoods. The backstreets that Doh Eain has upgraded 鈥� eight so far, with funds coming from crowd sourcing and donations 鈥� are now attractions for tourists wanting to see the city beyond the glossy brochures and locals in search of perfect selfie spots.

At the same time, other community groups such as Clean Yangon are advocating the importance of keeping Yangon鈥檚 streets free of trash. The Clean Yangon campaign, which launched in 2017 and now includes nearly 60 local nonprofit organizations, arranges a monthly event where volunteers pick up litter in busy public spaces.

鈥淧eople originally thought it was just a fad. But now that we are still going more than two years later, we see general public joining in more and more,鈥� said Thinzar Aye, a campaign representative.

The proliferation of these groups is important, said YCDC鈥檚 Zaw Win Naing.

鈥淜eeping Yangon clean requires the participation of everyone in the city, including residents. It can鈥檛 be the sole responsibility of a single department,鈥� he said.

Still, maintaining these spaces is a continuous challenge in a city where the mould-inducing monsoon season takes up half the year and few households have the resources for expensive brickwork cleaning treatments.

鈥淥ne really important part is the community ownership,鈥� said Roell of Doh Eain, explaining that the group asks neighbors and building owners to pay part of the cost of transforming their spaces and take on some maintenance responsibilities.

For Kyaw Zin Myint, the shared ownership of the alleyway outside his apartment, which Doh Eain turned into an urban farm filled with medicinal and edible plants, came with a strengthened sense of community.