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Heeding our citizens鈥 calls for a clean economy
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For years, the debate around environmental action in the United States and Europe was characterized by a focus on abstract principles and by political infighting.
To some extent, this was understandable. Opposition to environmental action 鈥 from the fossil-fuel industry, political parties, and portions of the media 鈥 has been formidable.
But the result was a discussion that was far removed from the issues that are most important to ordinary people.
Instead of discussing how ineffective public transport and polluted air was making life worse for billions of people, the talk centered on carbon trading, emissions trajectories and the industrialization of China.
Fortunately, the discussion is now being brought back down to earth.
In less than 35 years, some 66 percent of the global population will live in cities. Much of this urban growth will occur in developing countries, especially in Africa. In Latin America, nearly 80 percent of people already live in urban centers.
For city dwellers, the environment can be an existential priority.
If droughts continue to threaten the water supply of Sao Paolo, for example, Latin America鈥檚 most populous city could be at risk of urban failure.
This crisis and others like it provides an opportunity for citizens to take control and deploy innovative solutions that might inspire others.
When national and municipal governments ask people about their priorities and needs, the answer is clear.
Chile鈥檚 government set a precedent in the region by meticulously mapping citizens鈥 priorities on the environment and climate.
According to the government鈥檚 poll, air pollution is Chileans鈥 top environmental priority (33 percent), followed by waste (21 percent) and noise (11 percent).
Costa Ricans also see air pollution as an environmental priority (22 percent), followed by waste (20 percent) and water (17 percent), according to a poll conducted by the United Nations Development Programme. In China, environmental protection is increasingly becoming a top public concern.
More than shopping centers
In today鈥檚 world, people expect more from their countries and cities than growth and shopping centers.
An IDB poll of 5,000 citizens in Bogota, Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico City, and Sao Paulo revealed that they want more transparency in city government, more participation in decision-making and better quality of life. This poll, along with those from Chile and Costa Rica, shows that citizens understand that climate change will affect them. They want governments to do more, not less, to protect the environment.
As we develop a better understanding of ordinary people鈥檚 needs and priorities, those negotiating a global agreement at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris later this year would be wise to take note. It is crucial that governments make their citizens鈥 concerns the top priority.
Chile has set a positive precedent in the developing world by carrying out extensive consultations on its national climate commitment for Paris. Mexico and Brazil have launched formal consultation processes, too. Other countries in the region might follow suit.
National and local politicians are being held to increasingly higher standards of environmental protection. A new era of public scrutiny has begun, creating opportunities for truly inclusive environmental action that promise to achieve more than elites negotiating behind closed doors ever could.
Monica Araya is founder and Executive Director of Nivela and leads the citizens group Costa Rica Limpia. Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2015. www.project-syndicate.org. Shanghai Daily condensed the article.
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