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New business models lead the way to gender equality
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A new breed of entrepreneurs are establishing businesses that also create cultural change benefitting women’s professional development. They recognize societal barriers to women’s career advancement, such as cognitive biases or obligations around child or elder care, often through their own professional experiences. While government and corporate policies addressing these imbalances have advanced, these innovators are filling the gaps through business models that smooth the unique paths women must forge to flourish in their careers.
While the age of artificial intelligence and digitization places greater value on stereotypically feminine traits such as emotional intelligence, structural barriers to women’s leadership in the workforce remain solidly in place. Women’s careers develop in a clearly gendered space.
They are chronically underrepresented in top teams and boardrooms, face wage gaps, secure lower amounts of venture capital funding than male peers, and frequently contend with both subtle and blatant forms of sexual harassment.
That’s where these female social innovators step in. Through their personal experiences they are able to address the structural challenges unique to a woman’s career — and they approach the challenge from a specifically female perspective.
• Balancing like a woman
Research shows working women do the majority of what has become known as the ‘second shift’, a larger share of housework than their partners. They also bear the brunt of the ‘mental load’ of the planning required to run a home and family, as described in Susan Walzer’s research article “Thinking About the Baby”. Small tasks like grocery shopping and laundry can easily sap energy that could be spent on professional pursuits and many women jokingly fantasize about ‘having a wife’. Marcela Sapone’s company Hello Alfred recognizes this challenge and sends a personal assistant, who can clean, shop, organize, and handle other errands for a small monthly fee.
• Scaling business like a woman
Investor gender bias was documented in a recent study of start-up pitches delivered by either female or male entrepreneurs with similar qualifications and backgrounds. Investors tend to ask men development-focused questions while they ask women risk-prevention-focused questions, resulting in higher funding offered to men. While female entrepreneurs have the potential to create impact, scaling a business successfully requires access to resources and relationships which is not balanced in terms of gender equity. Barriers to access keep many women from launching high-growth startups. To bridge the gap, Lisa Wang’s company SheWorx seeks to redefine what female leaders can accomplish, helping provide support systems, mentors, and knowledge through a growing network and events.
• Managing transitions like a woman
Despite corporate claims of family-oriented policies and non-discriminatory hiring practices, economists show evidence of age bias, and women taking a career break to care for children or elderly parents face substantial hurdles re-entering the workforce. Carol Fishman Cohen and her company iRelaunch consults with dozens of large firms, including IBM and Bloomberg, to tap into this market of highly qualified women.
• Investing like a woman
Consider the reality that many women reach their highest pay levels at an earlier age than men, take several career breaks for family reasons, and live longer. Sallie Krawcheck, who rose through the ranks of Citigroup and Bank of America as one of the leading women on Wall Street, recently closed a new round of funding for Ellevest, an online investing platform tailored to women’s specific needs. For example, it accounts for that fact that with longer life spans women have different risk profiles.
These examples show that by applying a gender lens to business innovation we can both help dismantle the structural barriers to women’s advancement and identify business opportunities. Longstanding gender norms cripple women’s career development. These unique business models forged by women acknowledge the entrenched imbalances in the workplace and are playing a critical role in building the path for equity.
Professor Vanina Farber holds the elea Chair for Social Innovation at IMD Business School. Natalia Olynec is senior writer and researcher at IMD’s CEO Learning Center.
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