75m Indians without access to clean water
Print Edition
INDIA has the world’s highest number of people without access to clean water — imposing a major financial burden for some of the country’s poorest people, according to a report released yesterday.
The international charity Water Aid said 75.8 million Indians — or 5 percent of the its 1.25 billion population — are forced to either buy water at high rates or use supplies that are contaminated with sewage or chemicals.
That accounts for more than 10 percent of the 650 million people worldwide without water access — more than any country in Africa or China, where 63 million have no access.
The situation worldwide has improved since 1990, with 2.6 billion people gaining access to clean water since then. However, the report called for more action in “a world where one in 10 people are trapped in a cycle of poverty and disease for want of a safe, affordable water supply of their own.”
Poor Indians without water access are forced to spend about 72 US cents to buy 50 liters of water a day, the amount recommended by the World Health Organization, according to the report. That’s about 20 percent of their daily income, according to the report. By comparison, people in Britain spend about 10 cents a day for 50 liters.
“Poor management of water resources is the biggest problem holding India back,” the report said.
“Misappropriation in planning and execution of water supply projects is another key factor. And projects often use inadequate sources, or pipelines do not reach habitations.”
The alternative to buying supplies — using dirty water — comes with sober consequence, sickening countless people every year. About 315,000 children die from diarrheal diseases each year, with 140,000 those deaths happening in India.
India already faces chronic water shortages and drought, as rivers become increasingly polluted and groundwater reserves rapidly decline due to the unchecked use of water pumps.
The problem is set to worsen as global temperatures rise and rain becomes more erratic with climate change.
Within 15 years, the country is expected to have only half the water it needs to meet competing demands from cities, agriculture and industry.
Some Indian cities, including New Delhi and elsewhere in the northern state of Rajasthan, are rolling out water kiosks.
“We don’t handle public goods well,” said environmental economist Pavan Sukhdev.
“You need public management systems to manage public goods, and there are no market lessons to help guide that management.”
Experts have said the water crisis could exacerbate regional tensions, and have urged authorities to impose strict regulations on water use.
India’s Supreme Court “has already held the fundamental right to clean water is a right to life,” said court advocate Satya Tripathi, adding that it’s only a matter of time before the issue comes back before the court.
“The government really has to pay attention. Water is the one thing that can tear this country apart.”
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