Wealth gap in US hurting growth
Print Edition
ECONOMISTS have long argued that a rising wealth gap has complicated the United States’ rebound from the Great Recession.
Now, an analysis by the rating agency Standard & Poor’s lends its weight to the argument: The widening gap between the wealthiest Americans and everyone else has made the economy more prone to boom-bust cycles and slowed the five-year-old recovery from the recession.
Economic disparities appear to be reaching extremes that “need to be watched because they’re damaging to growth,” said Beth Ann Bovino, chief US economist at S&P.
The rising concentration of income among the top 1 percent of earners has contributed to S&P cutting its economic growth forecasts. In part because of the disparity, it predicts the economy will grow by 2.5 percent a year over the next decade, down from a forecast five years ago of a 2.8 percent.
The report advises against using the tax code to try to narrow the gap. Instead, it suggests that greater access to education will help ease wealth disparities.
Part of the problem is that educational achievement has stalled in recent decades. More schooling usually translates into higher wages. S&P forecasts that the US economy would grow annually by an additional half a percentage point — or US$105 billion — over the next five years, if the average American worker had completed just one more year of school.
In contrast, heavy taxes meant to reduce inequality could remove incentives for people to work and cause businesses to hire fewer employees.
The report builds on data from the Congressional Budget Office, the International Monetary Fund to explain how income disparities hurt growth.
Many consumers tend to become more dependent on debt to continue spending, thereby worsening the boom-bust cycle. Or they curb their spending, and growth improves only modestly, as it has during the current recovery.
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