China eyes nuclear options to warm cities
Print Edition
WITH its smog-prone north desperate to slash coal consumption, China is looking to deploy nuclear power to provide reliable winter heating.
China National Nuclear Corp (CNNC) conducted a successful 168-hour trial run in Beijing for a small, dedicated “district heating reactor” (DHR) it has named the “Yanlong.” With the north facing natural gas shortages as cities switch away from coal, CNNC presented the “DHR-400” as an alternative heat supplier for the region, with each 400-megawatt unit capable of warming 200,000 urban households.
The model, which consists of a reactor core immersed in a water-filled tank around the same volume as an Olympic swimming pool, will require 1.5 billion yuan (US$227 million) in investment and take just three years to build, a crucial advantage in a sector plagued by construction delays.
As a small and relatively simple “swimming pool” design, the low-pressure reactor is expected to be safer than conventional models, with temperatures not exceeding 100 degrees Celsius, and it could be plugged directly into existing heating networks.
The technology is ready, said Gu Shenjie, deputy chief engineer with the Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute, part of the State Power Investment Corp.
“CNNC has supplied heat to their institute and office buildings and have successfully done that for three years,” he said on the sidelines of the INNCH New Nuclear Build Conference in Shanghai, adding that commercialization was the next stage. “I think it’s workable. The parameters are very low and it’s easy to maintain operations.”
While the use of conventional nuclear plants to provide heating is common in Russia and Eastern Europe, China aims to be the first country to build reactors dedicated to the task of warming its cities. It is pumping billions of yuan into advanced nuclear technology that will not only boost domestic capacity but also strengthen its global presence. It aims to develop a portfolio of reactors capable of powering cities, remote islands, ships, cars and even aeroplanes.
With north China still relying on “centralized” heating systems, a DHR in every city could be an ideal solution, said Cheng Huiping, a CNNC technical committee member.
The firm said the technology would use only 2 percent of the radioactive sources used in a conventional 1-gigawatt nuclear power plant, but winning public acceptance remains a hurdle.
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