Habits at the heart of Switzerland鈥檚 happiness
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FOREIGN VIEWS
So Switzerland is the happiest country in the world.
As the Director of a center whose mission is, among other things, to assess the competitiveness of nations, I wonder how happiness can be measured.
In its recent World Happiness Report, no other than the United Nations claims it can do it. The study, which has been recently published, is coordinated by Jeffrey Sachs from Columbia University.
Happiness is defined as subjective well-being, which of course depends on individual perceptions, but also on social and economic context.
Jonathan Haydt鈥檚 鈥淭he Happiness Hypothesis鈥 is one of the most visible books on my bookshelf and impacted me a great deal when I read it for the first time. In it, the NYU Professor of Ethical Leadership describes the three conditions for people to be happy, based on his and other studies of human nature.
The first factor is our history 鈥 not only our DNA but also our life experiences. For instance, Haydt argues that hardship in early life is positively related to happiness in adulthood (advice to parents: do not go too easy on your children). But it also means that how happy we are is in part pre-determined and independent of social context.
The second determinant of happiness is luck. This is not something that we can control, because fortune may not always be the result of hard work or skill.
Happy people are the ones who marry the right person, find the right job, live in the right country, and these are not always completely free choices.
Finally 鈥 and interestingly 鈥 Haydt claims that happiness comes from habits. Not only because habits reduce the uncertainty of our lives, but also because people find pleasure from repeating activities over and over again. In 鈥淲hat the Most Successful People Do Before Breakfast鈥, Laura Vanderkam writes that successful people always do the same things and in the same sequence.
Is it credible?
Is it credible then that the Swiss are the happiest people in the world?
The United Nations report focuses extensively on the first of Haydt鈥檚 factors, namely history and the context where a person lives. Switzerland has the right conditions. Certainly once you are born here, you are in a fantastic social, economic, and natural environment.
Although it is true that part of it has been built by the Swiss themselves, we can also check the second of Haydt鈥檚 boxes: Swiss people are lucky.
Finally, something that I have learned in my ten years in this beautiful country is that happiness comes from the simplicity of everyday things and the lack of uncertainty:
I take the train every morning at the same time and see the same people; I (almost) always know that my train will arrive on time; I know that if you run out of milk on Sunday, there is no cappuccino until Monday; I know that if I drive at 61 kilometers per hour by the lake I am going to get a ticket; and I can, in general, develop habits that make my life better and happier.
Arturo Bris is a professor of finance at the International Institute for Management Development and directs its World Competitiveness Center. Shanghai Daily condensed the article.
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