鈥楲ong-arm jurisdiction鈥 exposes law of the jungle
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For years, non-US transnational firms, vying to carve a niche in the global market with cutting-edge technologies or products, often found themselves fronting an opponent far more powerful and brutal than any commercial rival they have ever contested with 鈥 the US government.
Many foreign entities, whose business may seem irrelevant to the United States, have been forced by Washington with threats of sanctions to comply with US domestic laws and regulations.
鈥淎fter so many years fancying itself as the champion of the Rule of Law, the US seems to be making headway in forging a world under the rule of law,鈥 said Zhou Qing鈥檃n, an analyst of international relations at China鈥檚 Tsinghua University. 鈥淥nly it鈥檚 the American law of the jungle.鈥
In recent years, the US government has slapped sanctions on and threatened to an increasing array of foreign entities under the pretext of infringements of its tailor-made rules and regulations concerning anticorruption, taxation, investment and arms exports, crafting a long-range weapon with its jurisdictional system, the very foundations undergirding a country鈥檚 authority.
Citing Cuba as an example of the US jurisdictional overreach, Mauricio Santoro, head of the Department of International Relations at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, said that for many times, the United States has enacted new laws and regulations to justify its punishments on foreign companies having commercial contacts with Cuba, a country that has long been taken as a thorn in the flesh by Washington.
In the latest round of sanctions against the Caribbean country, Washington activated Title III of the Helms-Burton Act, which put companies operating on properties confiscated by the Cuban government at risk of being sued in US courts. It鈥檚 not just the entities from countries deemed by the United States as rivals or competitors that were exposed to the arbitrary abuse of Washington鈥檚 jurisdictional power. Firms of its allied countries which refuse to yield to the US supremacy can also find themselves under fire of such an overstretched jurisdictional 鈥渨eapon.鈥
In 2014, the US Department of Justice fined Alstom, a French power and transportation conglomerate, US$772 million, alleging the French company broke America鈥檚 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which eventually led to the partial acquisition of Alstom by General Electric, its arch rival in the United States. Last month, the US Commerce Department put Huawei, a Chinese company that has taken the lead in 5G technology, and its affiliates on a blacklist that requires federal government approval for any sale and transfer of US technologies to the Chinese firm.
Up to now, the United States is still lobbying other countries to exclude Huawei from 5G networks construction over groundless accusations of spying.
鈥淲hat is the most effective way to win a losing race? You change the rules and draw a foul on your competitors, rude but effective,鈥 Zhou explained with a metaphor. 鈥淭hat is exactly what the United States is doing to its competitors, even allies.鈥
Power logic
For decades, the United States has been touting itself as the flag-bearer of 鈥渇reedom, equality, justice and humanity,鈥 but in recent words and deeds, the Washington government is exposing itself as an international Darwinist who sees the world as a jungle where the powerful preys on the vulnerable.
By overstretching its jurisdiction and applying unilateral sanctions, the United States is challenging the sovereignty of other countries, said Philippe Bonnecarrere, a French senator, denouncing the US extraterritorial jurisdiction as power logic. Echoing the senator鈥檚 words, Swaran Singh, professor at School of International Studies at India鈥檚 Jawaharlal Nehru University, noted that extending jurisdiction of US domestic laws beyond its border 鈥渉as no legal standing whatsoever.鈥
鈥淚t鈥檚 only its position of power in the international system that has allowed the United States to arbitrarily impose its domestic laws abroad while rejecting several other universally recognized international laws and norms,鈥 said the professor. However, it is also the 鈥渦niversally recognized international laws and norms,鈥 which the United States once honored, even sacrificed so much to build several decades ago and now is turning its back on, that helped the country build its advantages over other countries.
Thanks to economic globalization, large European firms all have capital from different countries, including the United States, and due to Washington鈥檚 threat of sanctions, they have to comply with American rules, said Bonnecarrere.
Even though an international Darwinist鈥檚 obsession with the jungle law can not be changed overnight, if the past is any guide, 鈥渢he obsession with power relations,鈥 as the French senator put it, 鈥渋s mortifying.鈥
In a world where multilateralism and win-win cooperation are still the mainstream of the times, an international Darwinist with zero-sum mentalities like the United States is bound to face backlashes from within and outside the country.
David S. Cohen, a former deputy director of the CIA and a former undersecretary of the US Treasury Department, warned in an article published in April that the US sanctions will not only weaken countries being punished, but 鈥渂reed resentment and alienate would-be international partners.鈥
Xinhua reporters Tang Ji and Ying Qiang in Paris, Hu Xiaoming in New Delhi, Zhou Xingzhu in Brasilia contributed to the story.
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