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Bees stung by EPA鈥檚 flawed pesticide policies
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Although the 鈥渂uzz鈥 about bee declines makes headlines, excites public concern and warrants a White House Task Force on the Health of Honey Bees and Other Pollinators, bees are still in jeopardy.
The United States Department of Agriculture and Environmental Protection Agency have failed to act with force on one of the key causes of pollinator declines: neonicotinoid pesticides.
Neonicotinoid pesticides are a key driver in bee declines, affecting bees鈥 immune systems, navigation, reproduction and foraging, even at low doses.
Last year, 29 scientists from the International Union for Conservation of Nature reviewed 800 studies from two decades of research. These researchers found that the evidence is overwhelmingly clear: neonicotinoids have adverse effects on bees and the current level of use of these pesticides is unsustainable.
If they鈥檙e so harmful to bees, how did neonicotinoids get on the market?
In the US, neonics were originally approved for use through a loophole called 鈥渃onditional registration.鈥 Conditional registration allows pesticides to go to market even when the pesticide manufacturer can鈥檛 provide the necessary research on the chemical鈥檚 impact. Some 65 percent of pesticides now on the market were approved through this process.
Lack of transparency
Another shortcoming in transparency arises from the primary use of neonicotinoids as seed treatments, pesticide coatings pre-applied to seeds before farmers buy them.
Of the 200 million acres of US farmland treated with neonicotionids, 95 percent had neonicotinoids applied via coated seeds. But remarkably, seed coatings aren鈥檛 tracked or regulated like other uses of pesticides, because of another EPA loophole that exempts 鈥渢reated articles鈥 from regulation.
This makes it quite difficult for lawmakers and researchers to know where, and in what quantities, neonic-treated seeds are planted. This is critical information that could help illuminate correlations between neonicotinoid use and bee losses.
Though the EPA is responsible for ensuring that pesticides approved for use don鈥檛 harm bees, the agency may be considering relinquishing this responsibility back to the states, calling for individual state 鈥減ollinator protection plans鈥 instead of a comprehensive change in federal pesticide policy to protect bees.
Unfortunately, these state plans would likely put the onus on beekeepers and state agencies that lack the resources to implement truly protective plans.
The EPA has an opportunity to correct errors it made in registering neonicotinoids by restricting or suspending their use nationwide. Though the EPA recently announced it won鈥檛 allow new uses of some neonicotinoids, there is work left to be done. The numerous bee-harming products already on the market will remain in use. And the EPA has already approved two new systemic insecticides in the past year and that are not technically classified as neonics, although they pose the same hazards to bees. New products like these would not be subject to the moratorium.
We rely on the EPA to protect pollinators from pesticides and preserve their important role within our food system. We urge the EPA and the White House pollinator task force to restrict or suspend neonicotinoid pesticides through a transparent process. It鈥檚 time to maximize public accountability and minimize the influence that pesticide companies exert behind closed doors.
Lex Horan is an organizer with Pesticide Action Network North America (PAN). PAN is a member of the OpenTheGovernment.org coalition. Copyright: American Forum.
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