Huge ancient penguin once inhabited New Zealand
Print Edition
SCIENTISTS have unearthed in New Zealand fossil bones of what might be the heavyweight champion of the penguin world, a bird nearly 1.77 meters tall that thrived 55 to 60 million years ago, relatively soon after the demise of the dinosaurs.
Researchers said earlier this week the ancient penguin, called Kumimanu biceae, weighed nearly 101 kilograms, and was much bigger than the largest of these flightless seabirds alive today, the emperor penguin, which grows to about 1.2 meters and about 41 kilograms.
The only ancient penguin yet discovered that might have been larger than Kumimanu is known only from a leg bone, said ornithologist Gerald Mayr of the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt.
“Gigantism in penguins evolved more than once,” Mayr said.
Kumimanu, named after a creature from Maori folklore and the Maori word for bird, is the second-oldest known penguin. The older one, also from New Zealand, was 61 million years old.
Kumimanu’s partial skeleton lacks the skull. Mayr said other fossils indicate that the earliest penguins possessed much longer beaks than their modern relatives, useful for spearing fish.
“It would have been very impressive: As tall as many people, and a very solid, muscly animal built to withstand frequent deep dives to catch its prey,” said Alan Tennyson, vertebrate curator at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, another of the researchers in the study published in the journal Nature Communications.
“It would not have been the kind of bird that someone could catch alive. It would have been considerably more powerful than a person.”
Kumimanu and other early penguins had already developed typical penguin features including flipper-like wings and an upright stance. Studies suggest early penguins were brownish, not the trademark black and white of today’s penguins, Mayr said.
Kumimanu lived long before Antarctica’s glaciation. At the time, New Zealand and Antarctica were subtropical.
“It’s a common myth that penguins only live in very cold environments such as the Antarctic region,” Tennyson said. “Today, Galapagos penguins live at the equator, and many fossils show that early forms of penguins lived in warm seas.”
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