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Breakthrough in antimatter studies
Source: Agencies |
November 19, 2010, Friday
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SCIENTISTS claimed a breakthrough yesterday in solving one of the biggest riddles of physics, successfully trapping the first "anti-atom" in a quest to understand what happened to all the antimatter that has vanished since the Big Bang.
An international team of physicists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, or CERN, managed to create an atom of anti-hydrogen and then hold onto it for long enough to demonstrate that it can be studied in the lab.
"For us it's a big breakthrough because it means we can take the next step, which is to try to compare matter and antimatter," the team's spokesman, American scientist Jeffrey Hangst, said.
"This field is 20 years old and has been making progress toward exactly this all along the way," he added. "We really think that this was the most difficult step."
For years, researchers have puzzled over why antimatter seems to have disappeared from the universe.
Some theories suggest that matter and antimatter were created in equal amounts at the moment of the Big Bang, which spawned the universe some 13.7 billion years ago. But while matter - defined as having mass and taking up space - went on to become the building block of everything that exists, antimatter has all but disappeared except in the laboratory.
Hangst and his colleagues, who include scientists from Britain, Brazil, Canada, Israel and the United States, trapped 38 atoms of anti-hydrogen for one tenth of a second, according to a paper submitted to the respected science journal Nature.
Since that success, the team has held the anti-atoms for even longer.
"Unfortunately, I can't tell you how long, because we haven't published the number yet," Hangst said. "But I can tell you that it's much, much longer than a tenth of a second. Within human comprehension on a real clock."
Scientists have long been able to create individual particles of antimatter such as anti-protons, anti-neutrons and positrons - the opposite of electrons. Since 2002, they have also managed to lump these particles together to form anti-atoms, but until recently none could be trapped for long enough to study them, because atoms made of antimatter and matter annihilate each other in a burst of energy upon?contact.
"It doesn't help if they disappear immediately upon their creation," said Hangst. "So the big goal has been to hold onto them."
"We have a chance to make a comparison between a matter and antimatter system," he said. "That's unique. That's where we're headed."
Hangst downplayed speculation that antimatter might someday be harnessed as a source of energy.
An international team of physicists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, or CERN, managed to create an atom of anti-hydrogen and then hold onto it for long enough to demonstrate that it can be studied in the lab.
"For us it's a big breakthrough because it means we can take the next step, which is to try to compare matter and antimatter," the team's spokesman, American scientist Jeffrey Hangst, said.
"This field is 20 years old and has been making progress toward exactly this all along the way," he added. "We really think that this was the most difficult step."
For years, researchers have puzzled over why antimatter seems to have disappeared from the universe.
Some theories suggest that matter and antimatter were created in equal amounts at the moment of the Big Bang, which spawned the universe some 13.7 billion years ago. But while matter - defined as having mass and taking up space - went on to become the building block of everything that exists, antimatter has all but disappeared except in the laboratory.
Hangst and his colleagues, who include scientists from Britain, Brazil, Canada, Israel and the United States, trapped 38 atoms of anti-hydrogen for one tenth of a second, according to a paper submitted to the respected science journal Nature.
Since that success, the team has held the anti-atoms for even longer.
"Unfortunately, I can't tell you how long, because we haven't published the number yet," Hangst said. "But I can tell you that it's much, much longer than a tenth of a second. Within human comprehension on a real clock."
Scientists have long been able to create individual particles of antimatter such as anti-protons, anti-neutrons and positrons - the opposite of electrons. Since 2002, they have also managed to lump these particles together to form anti-atoms, but until recently none could be trapped for long enough to study them, because atoms made of antimatter and matter annihilate each other in a burst of energy upon?contact.
"It doesn't help if they disappear immediately upon their creation," said Hangst. "So the big goal has been to hold onto them."
"We have a chance to make a comparison between a matter and antimatter system," he said. "That's unique. That's where we're headed."
Hangst downplayed speculation that antimatter might someday be harnessed as a source of energy.
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