Iraqi jihadists declare ‘Islamic caliphate,’ seek world leadership
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RUTHLESS jihadists spearheading a Sunni militant offensive in Iraq have declared an “Islamic caliphate” and ordered Muslims worldwide to pledge allegiance to their chief, in a spectacular bid to extend their authority.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant renamed itself simply the Islamic State (IS) and declared its shadowy frontman the leader of the world’s Muslims, in a clear challenge to al-Qaida for control of the global jihadist movement.
Iraqi forces, meanwhile, pressed a counter-offensive yesterday against executed dictator Saddam Hussein’s hometown of Tikrit, one of a string of towns and cities overrun by IS-led fighters in a swift advance that has left more than 1,000 people dead, displaced hundreds of thousands and piled pressure on Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki.
Maliki’s bid for a third term in office has been battered by the offensive and he is no longer seen as the clear frontrunner when parliament reopens today following elections in April.
IS announced on Sunday it was establishing a “caliphate” — an Islamic form of government last seen under the Ottoman Empire — extending now from Aleppo in northern Syria to Diyala province in eastern Iraq, the regions where it has fought against the regimes in power.
In an audio recording distributed online, the group declared its chief Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi “the caliph” and “leader for Muslims everywhere.” Henceforth, the group said, he is to be known as “Caliph Ibrahim” — a reference to his real name.
Move against al-Qaida
Though the move may not have immediate significant impact on the ground, it is an indicator of the group’s confidence and marks a move against al-Qaida — from which it broke away, analysts say.
The caliphate is “the biggest development in international jihad since September 11”, said Charles Lister of the Brookings Institution in Doha, referring to the al-Qaida attacks on the United States in 2001.
“It could mark the birth of a new era of transnational jihadism ... and that poses a real danger to al-Qaida and its leadership,” he said, adding that IS, with members in many countries, is the richest jihadist group.
Baghdadi, thought to have been born in the Iraqi city of Samarra in 1971, is touted by the group as a battle-hardened tactician who fought American forces following the 2003 US-led invasion, and is now widely seen as rivalling al-Qaida chief Ayman al-Zawahiri as the world’s most influential jihadist.
His group has drawn thousands of foreign fighters, attracted by a combination of Baghdadi’s own appeal, IS’s efforts to establish what it believes is an ideal Islamic state, and the group’s sophisticated propaganda apparatus which publishes magazines and videos in English and a host of European languages.
The group is known for its brutality, summarily executing its opponents and this week crucifying rival Islamic rebels in Syria.
Since the Prophet Mohammed’s death, a caliph was designated “the prince” or emir “of the believers”.
After the first four caliphs who succeeded Mohammed, the caliphate lived its golden age in the Omayyad empire from the year 661 to 750, and then under the Abbasids, from 750 to 1517.
It was abolished when the Ottoman Empire collapsed in 1924.
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