Supply hitches as production of vaccines soars
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The unprecedented scaling-up of vaccine manufacturing to counter COVID-19 has sparked dangerous shortages in the supply chain, global players acknowledged on Tuesday after brainstorming how to speed up production.
Starting at zero when the pandemic began, vaccine manufacturers expect to be able to produce some 10 billion doses of various COVID-19 vaccines this year.
鈥淭his is the largest ramping up of manufacturing the world has ever seen,鈥 Thomas Cueni, the head of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations, told a virtual press briefing.
But the strain of this massive scale-up is beginning to show, Cueni acknowledged, after participating in a two-day online meeting on ways to unblock bottlenecks and rapidly boost production to combat the coronavirus that has killed 2.6 million people in 14 months.
鈥淲e should not be surprised if there are bumps along the road,鈥 Cueni said, pointing out that 鈥渉undreds of raw materials (are) needed to make vaccines.鈥
鈥淚t will inevitably lead to bottlenecks that will urgently need to be addressed,鈥 he added.
The meeting, organized by the Chatham House think-tank, along with IFPMA and the COVAX vaccine distribution initiative, brought together a range of players, including government delegates, pharmaceutical representatives and scientists.
Names of participants were not divulged. The World Trade Organization鈥檚 new chief Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala said in a statement she had been there and had in particular urged vaccine manufacturers to do more to ramp up production in developing countries.
She described the current inequities between access to vaccines in wealthy and poorer countries as 鈥渦nconscionable.鈥
Manufacturing the vaccines requires not just an unprecedented quantity of ingredients, but also items such as glass for the vials and plastic for their caps 鈥 at a time when global supply chains have been disrupted by the pandemic.
The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, which co-runs COVAX with the World Health Organization and Gavi, testified to recently seeing 鈥渋ncreasing signs of strain within supply chains.鈥
CEPI chief Richard Hatchett told Tuesday鈥檚 briefing that companies were 鈥渂eginning to report spot shortages of critical materials, raw materials, critical consumables, even equipment that is necessary for vaccine manufacturing.鈥
This 鈥渟tuttering supply鈥 has caused a number of countries to consider actions like imposing export controls, something he warned could be hugely problematic in an interconnected world, putting entire vaccine supply chains at risk.
Hatchett pointed in particular to the use of the US Defense Production Act to fight the pandemic, basically reserving specific items for American manufacturing only.
鈥淚f those items become in short supply for manufacturers that are outside of the United States and cannot be replaced, then that would disrupt vaccine manufacturing at facilities outside the United States,鈥 he said. 鈥淚t is a real problem.鈥
In a statement, the meeting organizers called for the 鈥渇ree flow of goods and workforce鈥 to ensure vaccine production.
They also encouraged continued technology transfer and manufacturing partnerships between pharmaceutical companies and manufacturers to scale up capacity, like the deal AstraZeneca has with the Serum Institute of India.
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