The road not taken: S. Korea鈥檚 pioneer of self-driving cars
Print Edition
Decades before the race to build a self-driving car became a multi-billion-dollar contest between tech giants such as Tesla and Google, a South Korean professor built an autonomous vehicle and test-drove it across the country 鈥 only for his research to be consigned to the scrapheap.
Han Min-hong, now 79, successfully tested his self-driving car on the roads of Seoul in 1993 鈥 a decade before Tesla was even founded.
Two years later, it drove 300 kilometers from the capital to the southern port of Busan, on the most heavily-traveled expressway in South Korea.
Footage from the period shows the car barrelling down a highway, with no one behind the wheel. A 386-chip-powered desktop computer, complete with monitor and keyboard, is placed on the passenger seat. Han is sitting in the back, waving at the camera.
鈥淚t felt extraordinary,鈥 said the affable inventor.
鈥淭he workload was very heavy,鈥 but he and his team 鈥渉ad an enormous passion as it was something others hadn鈥檛 done yet, something that hadn鈥檛 come out in the world yet.鈥
At the time, South Korea was more focused on heavy industry, such as steel and shipbuilding, with the average Korean not yet familiar with cellphones.
The country was yet to become the tech powerhouse it is today, and was still pursuing imitation rather than innovation. On one occasion, Han was told: 鈥淲hy develop a new technology when you can always pay for it?鈥
Han鈥檚 projects were seen as dangerous. He was once asked how much he was paying for his life insurance, he said, and whether his wife was aware of 鈥渢hese crazy activities of yours?鈥
But Han was so convinced of his cars鈥 safety that he rarely wore a seat belt 鈥 and has never had life insurance.
Even so, unable to see much investment potential, the government eventually cut funding to his research at Korea University.
Now, Elon Musk鈥檚 electric car firm Tesla is a US$600-billion behemoth, while Han鈥檚 Chumdancha is a small company in Yongin, south of Seoul, where he and one other employee still develop specialist warning systems for autonomous vehicles.
Musk is a 鈥渢remendous and outstanding鈥 person, Han said. 鈥淗e came up with his own, firm vision based on what others were doing, and that is really incredible.鈥
But Han鈥檚 invention could have paved the way for South Korea to dominate the industry, he added regretfully.
Raj Rajkumar, an engineering professor at Carnegie Mellon University鈥檚 Robotics Institute, said the 1990s footage 鈥渁ppears to be on par with some of the best work on autonomous vehicles during that period.鈥
鈥淗an and a colleague are not even in the driver鈥檚 seat 鈥 very bold, confident but very risky thing to do. It is unfortunate that funding for that project was cut. In hindsight, that was certainly not a wise decision.鈥
Musk challenge
Korea University describes Han as 鈥渁 pioneer and hero in the global field of artificial intelligence,鈥 also known for developing the South鈥檚 first automotive navigation system and a mini helicopter seen as a precursor to drones.
He is seen in the South as a genius ahead of his time 鈥 the 1990s footage has been viewed more than 1.5 million times since it was posted to YouTube in February.
Self-driving vehicles are a major technological battleground for today鈥檚 automakers, with technology giants like Google spending billions in a market that is supposed to fuel vehicle sales.
Tesla said last year it was 鈥渧ery close鈥 to achieving Level 5 autonomous driving technology 鈥 essentially, total autonomy.
But Han insists the American firm鈥檚 offerings are effectively comparable to his 1990s work.
鈥淎s Tesla is regarded as the best car in the world, if there is a chance, I would like to compare our technology to theirs.鈥
He suggested a challenge on the Bugak Skyway, a twisting, narrow road that runs over a mountain in northern Seoul.
Even so, Han believes there are limits to self-driving technology.
Neural networks do not have the flexibility of humans when faced with a novel situation that is not in their programming, he said, predicting self-driving vehicles will largely be used to transport goods rather than people.
鈥淐omputers and humans are not the same,鈥 he added.
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