Police chokeholds under scrutiny
Print Edition
Three days after George Floyd died with a Minneapolis police officer choking off his air, another black man writhed on the tarmac of a street in Paris as a police officer pressed a knee to his neck during an arrest.
Immobilization techniques where officers apply pressure with their knees on prone suspects are used in policing around the world and have long drawn criticism. One reason why Floyd鈥檚 death is sparking anger and touching nerves globally is that such techniques have been blamed for asphyxiations and other deaths in police custody beyond American shores, often involving non-white suspects.
鈥淲e cannot say that the American situation is foreign to us,鈥 said French lawmaker Francois Ruffin, who has pushed for a ban on the police use of face-down holds that are implicated in multiple deaths in France, a parliamentary effort put on hold by the coronavirus pandemic.
The muscular arrest on May 28 in Paris of a black man who was momentarily immobilized face-up with an officer鈥檚 knee and upper shin pressing down on his jaw, neck and upper chest is among those that have drawn angry comparisons with the killing of Floyd on May 25 in Minneapolis.
The Paris arrest was filmed by bystanders and widely shared and viewed online. Police said the man was driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol and without a license and that he resisted arrest and insulted officers. His case was turned over to prosecutors.
Police rules and procedures on chokeholds and restraints vary internationally.
In Belgium, police instructor Stany Durieux says he reprimands trainees, docking them points, 鈥渆very time I see a knee applied to the spinal column.鈥
鈥淚t is also forbidden to lean on a suspect completely, as this can crush his rib cage and suffocate him,鈥 he said.
Condemned by police and experts in the United States, Floyd鈥檚 death also drew criticism from officers abroad who disassociated themselves from the behavior of Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin. He was charged with third-degree murder after he was filmed pushing down with his knee on Floyd鈥檚 neck until Floyd stopped crying out that he couldn鈥檛 breathe and eventually stopped moving.
In Israel, police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld said 鈥渢here is no tactic or protocol that calls to put pressure on the neck or airway.鈥
In Germany, officers are allowed to briefly exert pressure on the side of a suspect鈥檚 head but not on the neck, says Germany鈥檚 GdP police union.
In the U.K., the College of Policing says prone suspects should be placed on their side or in a sitting, kneeling or standing position 鈥渁s soon as practicable.鈥 Guidance on the website of London鈥檚 police force discourages the use of neck restraints, saying 鈥渁ny form of pressure to the neck area can be highly dangerous.鈥
Even within countries, procedures can vary.
The thick Patrol Guide, hundreds of pages long, for the New York Police Department says in bold capitals that officers 鈥淪HALL NOT鈥 use chokeholds and should 鈥渁void actions which may result in chest compression, such as sitting, kneeling, or standing on a subject鈥檚 chest or back, thereby reducing the subject鈥檚 ability to breathe.鈥
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